What Bond Types Should You Buy for Income?
Investment income generally comes from debt (or loan) instruments – like bonds. Before deciding on what type of debt instrument you’ll use to generate your invested retirement income, you should know their characteristics. Here’s a quick overview.
U.S. Treasuries are the safest bonds since the government guarantees their interest and principal. Their safety, though, produces the lowest yields, since higher returns only come with higher risk. The interest income you earn from Treasuries is exempt from state and local taxes, but not from federal tax.
Treasury bills, have the shortest maturities – 13 weeks, 26 weeks, and one year. You buy them at a discount to their $10,000 face value and receive the full $10,000 at maturity. The difference reflects the interest you earn from them. So the greater the discount, the higher is the interest rate they pay.
Treasury notes mature in two to 10 years with interest paid semi-annually at a fixed rate. The minimum investment is $1,000 or $5,000 depending on maturity.
Treasury bonds have the longest maturities at 10 years. They also pay interest semi-annually and are sold in units of $1,000.
Zero-coupon bonds are Treasury-based securities that are sold at a deep discount and redeemed at full face value when they mature in six months to 30 years. That difference reflects your earned interest. Although you’re not paid an interest annually, you’re still taxed on the implied “phantom interest” that you earn each year! So, you need some cash to pay the yearly tax on the attributed phantom interest. Hold them in a tax-deferred account to avoid having to pay the annual tax.






